Toxic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toxic Culture - Essay Example izational Culture, I will agree with Guthries position basing on the fact that it’s the leaders responsibility to create and shape the organizations culture (Guthrie, 2014). A study by Lin and McDonough (2011) clearly identifies that leadership has a direct influence on organization culture. The study shows that leaders cannot directly influence an organizations productivity; however, they can directly influence the organizations culture, which has a direct influence on the organizations productivity. Although in the beginning the leader is solely responsible for creating an organization culture, the culture starts to evolve with time and partly influences the organizations leadership. However, a leader who clearly understand the basic ideas of leadership and strives to help the organization achieve its goals should never claim ignorance of what is happening under their nose. They should understand that they are in control; therefore, their task is to constantly monitor the change in their organizations culture. That is to say if ‘the organizations culture turns toxic’ they should be responsible for condoning it since that is their responsibility. Guthrie, D. (2014, January 16). Whos to Blame for Creating a Toxic Organizational Culture? Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/dougguthrie/2014/01/16/whos-to-blame-for-creating-a-toxic-organizational-culture/ Lin, H. E., & McDonough, E. F. (2011). Investigating the role of leadership and organizational culture in fostering innovation ambidexterity. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 58, (3): 497-509. Malby, B. (2007). How does leadership make difference to organizational culture and effectiveness? Retrieved from Nothern Leadership Academy:

Legal Ethics & Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Ethics & Responsibility - Essay Example A lawyer’s role Roles refers to a person’s duties or functions in a particular set up. Lawyers’ roles are manifested in their scope of professional duties that extends from the judicial system to the general societal set up. One of the roles of a lawyer is to ensure a proficient capacity to meet client’s legal needs. While academic and professional regulatory bodies ensures that only qualified personnel are licensed to practice, maintaining a continuous level of proficiency remains the duty of each lawyer. This role is prompted by dynamism in the legal system due to continuous developments in legislations and case laws. The two sources of laws require lawyers to equip themselves with every single change that may result from overruling or distinguishing precedents as well as legislations. A lawyer also has a role of witnessing in judicial procedures. As a representative of either party to a case, a lawyer will facilitate extraction of material facts in the case to facilitate informed judgement. Similarly, a lawyer plays a critical role in offering ground for judgement. This is because in their arguments in cases, lawyers offer highlights of ratio decidendi of cases with related facts, which could be applicable in making judgements. This corresponds with lawyer’s role to defend their clients in judicial processes by presenting their legal opinions based on case laws and statutes (Brennan, 2007, p. n.p). A lawyer also plays a role in guiding judicial processes as a watchdog. The wide scope of law, especially with respect to judicial precedents may lead to controversial decisions by judges. Where justice is miscarried due to mistake in law, legal principles or even facts, lawyers facilitate correction of such mistakes through lodging appeals against such rulings. Similarly, it is a lawyer’s duty to ensure that professional dispensation of duty is free from conflict of interest. Independence must be maintained in practice to eliminate any form of pecuniary or proprietary conflict of interest. Lawyers, both at individual levels and through institutions, also ensure that common laws are maintained and not disregarded by other sources of law. A lawyer’s scope of responsibility is therefore to, through different avenues, ensure that administration of justice is achieved through observance of the rule of law and natural justice (Brennan, 2007, p. n.p). What it means to be an ethical lawyer To become an ethical lawyer means to ensure observance of ethical principles as are applicable to the scope of the legal profession. Like other professions, a number of ethical values that defines practice regulate the legal profession. One of the fundamental ethical values is the moral duty of a lawyer to refrain from conflict of interest that could disregard the ethical principle of beneficence. Existence of conflict of interest will mean that the lawyer will be partial in discharging duties in order to first sat isfy personal interest at the expense of the client. This will deprive the client of the benefits of the legal service to the breach of the ethical principle of beneficence that advocates for the good welfare of all members of the society (Icheku and Icheku, , n.p.; Australian, 2011, p. 5). Similarly, an ethical lawyer is characterized by high standards of honesty and courtesy. This means that a lawyer must be truthful in all dealings and must be considerate of clients’

New Product to the Market (Timed Drink Dispenser) Essay

New Product to the Market (Timed Drink Dispenser) - Essay Example It is also cheap and hence affordable to most people all over the nation. Market segmentation involves marketing strategies that are used for classifying a broad market into subsets of consumers with similar needs for the product (Kotler 68). The specific characteristics of the product are divided into different categories of age, location and family size. The marketing strategies are designed to target specific customers. Segmenting helps in measurability, which is determining whether a particular segment is fit enough to be pursued. Accessibility is also a criteria in segmenting which entails reaching a given target group, where a region where people pay less attention is inaccessible. Demographic segmentation is also used to classify the market by dividing it into the variables of age, location and even family size. Demographic segmentation is great for segmenting customers into different groups, where customers are linked to the variables and segmented accordingly. Segmenting of the market involves dividing it into groups of consumers with similar wants. Consumer based market segmentation is performed on a specific product basis so as to create a close relationship between the consumers and the product. This demographic segmentation helps in identifying groups of similar consumers and the potential ones. ... The target market is mainly young people in the mid years since they may use the dispenser a lot in carrying alcohol and some types of beverages. Most youngsters prefer carrying beverages around and this dispenser is efficient for them since its pocket friendly, portable and can hold a lot of drinks. Most consumers’ preferences vary with age, in this case very young children may not see the essence of this dispenser but a bit older youngsters will know its importance. Psychographic segmentation is also essential since it helps to understand the consumers’ lifestyle. Product positioning is the next step in product introduction after the target market has been identified. Positioning entails ascertaining a product and how the potential consumers view it. Segmenting helps in matching the consumer’s needs, reduces expenses, improves cash flows and improves productivity. To reach this group of customers, a lot of advertising is involved. Using demographic segmentation we target the young and also large families. With a family of six the dispenser can hold drinks to keep them going all day since the dispensers vary in size and one can get the required one. When considering the potential market for a new product, the size of the market is important since it determines the profit margins that will be gained from the product (Kotler 212). The target group should be stable since the product should be in the market long enough to break even. The potential customers should be easy to reach, that is promotions and distribution channels should reach them. The product can also be reached cost efficiently by the market intervention. The product has many benefits to the consumers since its cheap and readily available; it is portable by those going for picnics and

Hunger in Nigeria, Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hunger in Nigeria, Africa - Research Paper Example While population growth may be a contributing factor to modern hunger in Nigeria, there are other causes that relate more directly. The biggest cause of childhood hunger and malnutrition in Nigeria can be traced to the over reliance on oil exports for income. In the early 1980’s, Nigeria began to develop oil reserves in the Niger Delta. The booming oil prices at the time convinced the government that the best path to prosperity for the nation was to focus on oil exports as a source of revenue. As a result, plantations and the entire agricultural sector became antiquated. Farmers actually became less productive over time period when the government was only focusing on oil production. This approach would have worked for Nigeria if the government and business leaders were people of integrity. Unfortunately, much of Nigeria’s oil wealth ends up in the pockets of corrupt government officials and those that are already wealthy. The entire nation has not benefited from the exp loitation of natural resources so hunger has increased over the past several decades. Another cause of hunger in Nigeria is natural disasters such as droughts. Nigeria is susceptible to fluctuations in seasonal rainfall, especially in the north. Droughts have cause acute famine in some parts of the country. A final cause of hunger in Nigeria is social and political unrest. Tensions between Muslim Nigerians in the north and traditional Christian beliefs in the south have resulted in fighting that disrupts food supplies. There has also been unrest in the Niger Delta region by factions working to disrupt the flow of oil. These groups seek a larger share of oil profits for their communities. As a nation, Nigeria is trying to overcome some of these obstacles to food production. One of the efforts is centered on making Nigerian farms more productive so the nation does not need to depend on imports for feeding their population. Nigeria has a proud heritage of agricultural independence and some feel that modernizing the agricultural sector will alleviate much of the suffering. Domestically produced food will be less susceptible to fluctuations in commodity prices that agricultural products bought from abroad. Upgrading and modernizing agricultural processes in Nigeria will take a lot of money. Most of the remaining farmers do not have money to buy equipment or more land. One suggestion from opposition groups in the government is to create a fund from oil revenue that gives grants to small farmers wanting to increase productivity. Some feel that this could only be overseen by an international agency because of the high levels of corruption in the Nigerian government. A final effort being used by the government is coordinating emergency relief efforts more closely with NGO’s such as Save the Children, that specialize in alleviating child hunger all over the world. In recent years, the number of children suffering from malnutrition in the whole of Africa has incre ased. There are nearly 15 million more hungry children in Africa now than there were ten years ago. The greatest numbers of these children can be found in Nigeria and Kenya. In these places, many children subsist on diets that have low nutritional vale, featuring foods such as cassava, white rice and maize. Conditions that have contributed to the increase in hungry

Organizational Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational Theory - Research Paper Example employees to provide the society with a valuable offering (Daft, 2013). The organization theory has no single definition as it is described as a way of thinking regarding the entity and how individuals and resources are gathered and arranged collectively to attain the business purpose (Smith, 2010). Likewise, the organizational design encompasses two vital aspects of the enterprise i.e. structural features and contingency factors. The structural facet is comprised of the internal elements such as organization size, hierarchy, infrastructure, IT, employees, suppliers and many more. While, the contingency factors are those aspects which influence the organization’s structural dimension like competitors, government, environment, technological developments, globalization, culture and etc. (Serra, Almeida & Ferreira, 2012). Hence, it is imperative for a company to monitor its design so that it can avoid entering the decline stage. Since organization exists in the business environment which is evolving at a fast pace, there are various external factors which can impact its business operations. For instance, a manufacturing concern which has been the leader in the industry for decades can enter into decline stage if it does not upgrade its machinery or fails to respond to the changing market needs. Similar to any product, the management team has to remain alert about the indicators which can show signs of an arising issue in the near future (Serra, Almeida & Ferreira, 2012). There are four crucial phases through which every organization passes i.e. birth/introduction, growth, maturity and decline. When a firm is at the maturity stage, it has to start developing plans for maintaining or revamping its image so that it can gain momentum again and retrieve back its enhanced performance level (Daft, 2013). The two foremost signs of maturity stage are

Ways in which Movies distort our image of the World Essay

Ways in which Movies distort our image of the World - Essay Example Technology has made it possible for movies to portray a particular skill or culture to those who watch them. The fun in watching a movie has made writers to take up the design of perfect movies for some of their books to attract people. This paper is a discussion of ways in which movies distort our view of the world. The director of a movie makes clear that the movie is as interesting as possible, so the people watching it tend to associate themselves with every bit of the movie. Movies tend to distort our perception of the world in many ways. First, movies tend to present false statements to some doubts that existed in the past. They tend to confirm the actual existence of that which we doubted. Although movies may at times distort the actual event, they serve as evidence of existence. For instance in the movie â€Å"Incident at Oglala† where two FBI agents were killed in 1970, some evidence is presented of the existence of a conflict between the government and AIM members. I ndividuals who watch this movie tend to sympathise with Mr. Peltier who is presented by the film producer as convicted without enough evidence (â€Å"Incident at Oglala†). This evidence is not the whole truth. Secondly, movies distort the subject of love. Love portrayed in movies is kind and the relationship between the two people is ideal. Most of the present day soap operas present the theme of love as the main theme. However, the movies present ideal situations that are hard if not impossible to achieve in the real world. Most of these movies are cast in rich and glamorous environments leaving the viewers with the wrong impression of the reality of life. The love between these characters is always passionate and the two find a way to spend time with each other. The couples spend their evenings having candle lit dinners, and in this way a true love is described. At times, a couple will adorn the whole house with roses to surprise the partner either his or her birthday or ab out some other celebration. On watching such movies, it is possible to hold onto such images and think they depict the entire truth about love. This has frustrated many young people in relationships because they want their love life to take the form of movie stars they have watched. The subject of love is fascinating and leaves people with good emotions that they want to hold on to for the rest of their lives. Movies provide the right emotions of the moment and, if taken at its face value, can ruin one’s true love life. Thirdly, different movie characters can distort our position. Movie stars have a good life, dress well, and enjoy what they do. Many viewers would do anything to live the way the movie stars live. It does not come by surprise that movie stars are able to influence fashion trends across the world. Movie cliches spread fast among viewers and become a form of language for many people. According to Famiano and Nickerson, â€Å"Primarily, they are less tangible, m ore perfect, and more predictable. In other words, they are stereotyped† (Famiano and Nickerson). To the fans, movie stars are true and communicate great power that represents success. Therefore, fans will identify themselves with their idols in different ways. They will talk like them, dress like them, and acquire some of their other behavioural traits. To the fans, movies depict great power and expertise carried by the actors. This is not true in many instances. Fourthly, movies distort our ethics and morals. Ethics is a system of guidelines that govern a community’s daily life. Because the law cannot reject all inappropriate or negative behaviours, professionals use it to their advantage. Ethics are self-driven, based on personal values, and the desire to do the right thing. After

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Review - Essay Example These theories are concerned with the bombardment of the Earth by â€Å"icy clumps of material† (30), or planetismals. This collision results in the formation of steam in the atmosphere. After some steam being ejected into the sky, and some being split by ultraviolet radiation, sufficient steam remains in the atmosphere to condense and form the oceans when the Earth cools. The origin of these planetismals is subject to different viewpoints. They are variously argued to be asteroids, comets and meteorites. Plate tectonics is responsible for the creation and present configuration of the ocean basins, which serve as containers to hold water. This process agitates the Earth’s mantle, separating it into the lighter granitic rock which floats on top to form the continents, and the heavier basalt which sinks to form the ocean basins. The Earth’s orbit is another important factor for the presence of water. To one side of the Earth, Venus is so close to the sun, that water evaporates skyward, and is split by the sun’s ultraviolet rays into hydrogen which is lost into the sky. On the other side, Mars is too far from the sun and remains frozen due to runaway glaciation. Unlike its neighbors, the Earth’s orbit lies in the ‘habitable zone’, with regard to its distance from the sun, thus permitting the presence of liquid water. The Earth’s stratified atmosphere, due to the significant presence of carbon-dioxide and methane, which absorb infrared radiation, results in the greenhouse effect, keeping the planet warm even during the age of the early, faint sun. This prevents the loss of water and hydrogen into the sky. Volcanism is the last factor which contributes to the presence of water on Earth, due to the carbonate-silicate cycle. Volcanism gives the Earth a â€Å"built-in (geochemical) thermostat† (33), which regulates the Earth’s climate and maintains the surface temperature in a range